Cendant Corporation

Cendant Corporation [1] (a) Related parties make decisions based on information provided through financial statements. It is the auditor’s responsibility to plan and perform audit engagement to offer reasonable assurance that the financial statements are correct and fair. (b) The two main categories of fraud that affect financial reporting include misstatements arising from fraudulent financial reporting and misstatements arising from misappropriation of assets. c) Factors that auditor’s should consider when assessing the likelihood of material misstatements due to fraud include: whether or not the company has a reason to make something seem consistent (rationalization), whether or not the company or individuals have an incentive or pressure on them, and whether or not the company has the opportunity to commit fraud. (d) Many factors existed during the 1995 to 1997 audits of CUC that created an environment conductive for fraud. For example, CUC’s top management w as aggressive to increase their market share due to the pressure put on them to meet analyst expectations.CUC had been committing the same type of fraud for many years before 1995, so it was rational for them to maintain their consistency. One person even stated that he thought he was only doing his job. The adjustments that were made at the end of each year brought about the opportunity for CUC to also commit fraud. [3] (a) In the Cendant fraud management override occurred when the CUC management recognized deferred revenue as revenue immediately, or delaying recognition of membership cancelations. (b) To further address the risk of management override of internal controls auditors must remain skeptical that management override exists.Auditors should also become familiar with the company and it’s internal controls upon acceptance. [5] (a) A company may want to hire a member of its external audit team because the auditor is familiar with the company, or management has develop ed a strong working relationship with the auditor from working on the audit together. (b) If the client has hired former auditors it might affect the independence of the existing external auditors in fact and appearance. Current auditors may rely on the representation made by former co-workers.

Saving Face

Saving Face was a romantic comedy unveiling the truth about how characters identity can cause personal and cultural conflicts. Will and Ma had been keeping a secret from their family making it hard for them to come to terms with themselves and connect with others. However, between it all, motifs were seen throughout the whole movie expressing thoughts, feelings and presence. For instance, Ma’s constant calls to Will, and tight camera angles in the movie symbolize an intrusion from the outside world. Through those motifs, food was the central motif. It expressed emotion, intimacy, and true feelings for an individual without anyone‘s influence in Saving Face. Food was the central motif in the romantic comedy Saving Face because it was the only reoccurring pattern that would show an individuals identity. However, Ma’s phone calls to Will and the tight camera angles in the movie made it captive for anyone to embrace their identity. The tight camera angles were able to show pain and scorn one was facing as they started to peal their identity away. As this would happen, one saw how hard it could be in being upfront and honest about themselves to others. When Ma was faced with explaining to her father she was pregnant, with no husband , the movie captured Ma boxed in. In this shot, Ma was in a room, sitting down closed in by the narrow hallway leading to where she was sitting. Her father was in the same room as her not seen, but only heard. This shows how the â€Å"outside† influences make it difficult to accept one’s state and affects making connections with others. Ma now felt she had to marry someone, even if she wasn’t interested in him. Will had witnessed her mother getting scolded by her grandfather (superior figure to Ma), thus, making it even more complicated and intimidating for Will to tell her family the secret (being a lesbian and having a partner; Vivian). Throughout, Saving Face, Ma would call Will, ironically, just as soon as an intimate scene with Vivian would come on. This is a motif because it was a constant reminder of how big of an impact the Chinese culture and family traditions were on Will. Anything outside of Chinese tradition was frowned upon by her family. Especially with how hard Ma would try to set Will up with a date at the family gatherings, Will knew how hard it would be in being accepted. Will being a lesbian would cause havoc in her family and would have her disowned from the elders in her family. Just as they wouldn’t accept Ma, they would do likewise to Will. When Ma would call Will, while she was with Vivian, Will would randomly start acting distant towards Vivian and rush to go home. Vivian would respond to this in confusion and at a lost of words with knowing how Will felt for her. Ma’s phone calls made it hard for Will to not only be honest to her family, but to herself. If you aren’t true to who you are, no one is going to be able to see who you want to be looked as. This motif symbolized a wall in the relationship with Vivian and Will. Ma’s constant phone calls and the tight camera angles were both symbolic of Will v. Vivian, Will v. her family, and Will v. herself. These specific motifs were the block to help Will capture her true identity and share it with others. Will knowing she is a lesbian and coming out to it is hard enough on a person. However, with Will’s family and traditional culture having such an impact/influence on her life makes it even more of a complex situation because she doesn’t want to shame her family. However, this leads to food being the central motif because unlike the two other motifs food captivates sincere feelings/expression. Food was able to capture an identity of an individual in Saving Face without the fret of anyone judging you, forming it to be the central motif. Food can be seen as comfort for a person. For instance, when Ma was watching porn she had traditional comfort food alongside her. Food was capable of showing that Ma is interested in seeing/learning new things. As a result, this shows that Ma isn’t all for keeping with tradition. Also, in the beginning of the movie food was capable of capturing a mutual interest between Will and Vivian at the vending machine. Food expresses the truth in a situation. It lets one block out any outside influences. Food is the central motif because its able to form connections with others and to connect with oneself. Food shows a deeper meaning and understanding to a situation. Saving Face is a romantic comedy that shows how traditions can have an individual lead a life of lies affecting not only themselves, but others. Tradition in a family is very hard to break out of and is especially most important to elders of a family.

See the details Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

See the details - Article Example Factors that contributed to low economic growth include slow inventory gains and abnormally cold weather experienced in the second half of the previous year. The pace of growth in domestic demand was found to be 1.5 percent in the first quarter which was slightly below what it was in the forth quarter of 2013 due to volatile factors such as trade and inventory swings. However, it is evident that fluctuations witnessed in the current times do not portray a different trend from what had been seen in the recovery process since the Great Recession. The average quarterly economic growth rate has stood at 2.2% since the year 2009. The bleak future of economic growth is likely to impact negatively on the democrats in the forth-coming congressional elections. The prospects of the Democrats is closely tied to the voter attitudes toward the re-election bid of President Obama in which economic factors played a major role in determining the outcome. Another factor in the economic condition is on wage growth as a result of huge slack in the labor market. A report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics that was released previously on employment index indicated that the private sector wages as well as salaries during the first quarter had increased at a lower rate since 1980. The article further concurs that the recovery of the housing market were on a declining trend. This was evident on the second quarter of the 2013 in which private residential real estate investment had fallen by 0.2% of the total economic growth. Weather was found to be the main cause of decline in the recovery in the housing market. Corporate investment in equipment witnessed a sharp reverse growth in the first quarter of 2014 compared to the growth in the fourth quarter of 2013 leading to the slackening of the overall business investment translating into 0.4 % decline in the overall economic growth. Other factors resulting in deterioration of business

A contextualised analysis of MORRISON (WM) SUPERMARKETS PLC Coursework

A contextualised analysis of MORRISON (WM) SUPERMARKETS PLC - Coursework Example In the United Kingdom there are a total of 92,796 grocery stores which are broadly classified into the following four categories namely Convenience stores, Traditional retail, Hypermarkets, Supermarkets and Superstore and Online Channel. Among these, hypermarkets, supermarkets and superstores are the largest in the UK (Li, 2008). Morrison WM Supermarkets PLC, a publicly traded company, is a supermarket chain which offers a wide range of goods including branded ones and its own labelled products. They are the fourth largest food retailer in the United Kingdom by sales with 439 stores across Britain and an annual turnover of  £16 billion. The main speciality of this chain of supermarkets is its high quality fresh food at great prices. Morrison WM Supermarkets PLC was founded in 1899 by William Morrison. The company has developed from a single egg and butter stall in Bradford and has turned into one of the best food retailers in the United Kingdom. Starting from a small stall in Bradf ord in 1899, a new produce depot was opened in 1976. The company took over Whelan Discount Stores and started operating in Lancashire for the first time in 1978. The first Morrisons distribution centre was opened in 1988 followed by the opening of second distribution centre in 1997. ... They are the fourth largest food retailer in the United Kingdom by sales with 439 stores across Britain and an annual turnover of ?16 billion. The main speciality of this chain of supermarkets is its high quality fresh food at great prices. Morrison WM Supermarkets PLC was founded in 1899 by William Morrison. The company has developed from a single egg and butter stall in Bradford and has turned into one of the best food retailers in the United Kingdom. Starting from a small stall in Bradford in 1899, a new produce depot was opened in 1976. The company took over Whelan Discount Stores and started operating in Lancashire for the first time in 1978. The first Morrisons distribution centre was opened in 1988 followed by the opening of second distribution centre in 1997. It was in February 2004 the company went national by opening a store in Scotland. Morrisons became the fourth largest retailer in the UK in March 2006 by opening UK’s first BioEthanol E85 filling pumps. The compan y has 700 tractors and 1700 trailers distributing to the stores across the country and it is now the largest supplier of apprenticeships in the United Kingdom. The following are deemed to be the four important reasons why they occupy a unique position in the grocery market: 1. Quality: They ensure control quality by owning their own production facilities. 2. Insight: They know what they are buying and where it comes from. 3. Value: They buy direct and pass savings on to the customer. 4. Flexibility: They get their food in store faster and react to the market more quickly. (Morrisons, 2011a) The company’s overall turnover is 17,663, 000 GBP, net income is 690,000 GBP, total assets is worth 9,859,000 GBP and the number of employees is 131,207, number of recorded shareholders is 86

Freedom Writers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Freedom Writers - Term Paper Example The school teacher comes from a different background then the children. The school teacher is portrayed as coming from a wealthy family with caring parents. It must have been easy for the teacher to attend college and money seems to not be an issue. The teacher obtains a job at a school that is known for having a bad name and not many students that prosper. The school is located in a poorer neighborhood and contains many different genders of teens and minorities. Location has a lot to do with economics of race and gender. Schools that are located in wealthy neighborhoods usually contain students that come from wealthy families. Schools located in less wealthy neighborhoods are likely to contain students from a poorer economic class. The movie portrays economics as referring to race and gender as; white families and students are wealthy and have less problems associated with money and less crime. Minorities such as African Americans, Asians and Latino families are likely on government assistance and struggle financially. With portrayal is shown by revealing struggles that students in poorer communities struggle with everyday. In the movie the teacher does something that no one else has ever tried before. The teacher sees the students outside of race and gender. The teacher fights to get the kids basic school supplies others take for granted. The students need notebooks, textbooks and writing utensils. The school refuses to pay for these items so the teacher takes up a second job and does what is necessary to get the students what they need. Her perseverance is shown to the students and this moves them in a way no one else has. After struggling to show the students that race and gender do not matter, finally she is able to get through to the students. The students accept her for her and then begin to accept each other regardless of social, racial and gender differences. Near the end of the movie, the teacher is able to persuade

Process Analysis Essay on Bias in Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Process Analysis on Bias in Research - Essay Example In regards to the research process, Knox (2010) stated that bias is inaccuracy in data that arises from the manipulated method of data collection and analysis that was employed in the research process.  In regards to the research process, Knox (2010) stated that bias is inaccuracy in data that arises from the manipulated method of data collection and analysis that was employed in the research process.  With reference to the writings by Sharot (2012, P. 8), cognitive bias is described as â€Å"mental errors that arise from simplified information strategies.† Hammersley (1999) further added that cognitive biases are mental errors that are predictable and consistent, and they differ from biases because they are not caused by the personal interest that leads to an inclination towards a preferred outcome. This, therefore, means that cognitive bias is caused by subconscious mental strategies that are used during information processing.   The impact of bias on research, why and how it is important to know bias When a researcher has a bias in the research process then it means that he or she will set the research design in a biased manner in order to obtain the preferred results. Additionally, the data collection process, as well as the sources, will be skewed in a manner that will conform to the results that the research prefers to obtain. To reinforce further the biases, the researcher will manipulate the data analysis process to be reassured of achieving the desired findings or results.   Osterlind (1983) stated that biases in the research process lead to the attainment of results that are not very real or factual more so when the findings are compared with the findings obtained from a research process that was unbiased. Osterlind (1983) further stated that when a research process is conducted through bias then the recommendations from the research are likely to be ineffective or invalid. This is because; the anal ysis of the problem was conducted from a biased perspective rather than from a factual perspective.   Weisberg (2010) in his writings summarily stated that the impact of bias on research is that it lowers or eliminates credibility in the entire research process and even the credibility of the research findings. Additionally, a biased researcher will also suffer from credibility issues and his or her research proficiency may be brought into question as to whether they are genuine or not.

Social and Economic Changes in Post-socialist Cities Essay

Social and Economic Changes in Post-socialist Cities - Essay Example This essay stresses that the economic systems that practice socialism are grounded on the concepts of production for use. This is a concept that is used to refer to a situation whereby the production of services and goods are aimed at directly satisfying the human needs, and economic demands of the society. This paper concerns itself with answering the question that what are the economic and social changes in Post Socialism Bulgaria. Between 1940, to 1990, Bulgaria was a socialist state, and MacKenzie consider it to be a satellite state of the Soviet Union. This is during the era of cold war, where there were two dominant ideologies competing, that of socialism, and capitalism. It is important to understand that because of the close relationship that Bulgaria had with the Soviet Union, the leaders of this party did not want to initiate an abrupt change of relations with the Eastern allies of the Soviet Union, and the Soviet Union itself. However, the leadership of this new party proposed a series of measures, which included modernizing the treaty that formed the War Saw Pact, and even reforming the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CAMECON) into a new organization that reflected the trends occurring in the world. This is in terms of economic and political trends. The people who wer e advocating for an immediate cessation of relationship with the Soviet Union formed a party referred to as the Union of Democratic Party.

OM8025 final paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

OM8025 final - Term Paper Example Zaire is one such country. Through the creation of private-public partnerships and with some creative long-term strategic planning, Zaire has the potential and the opportunity to bridge the digital divide. This will enable Zaire to diversify its economy and to open new international markets to products manufactured locally. This study attempts to determine the level of interest among private sector firms and government agencies in Zaire in acquiring advanced telecommunications and internet capabilities. It also assesses what technology capabilities are most needed and what the impact of introducing these new technologies might have on the social, cultural and business practices of Zairians. The purpose of this study is to determine the degree to which public and private agencies in Zaire value the importance of having access to emerging telecommunications and internet technologies. If these technologies are made available, what affect do the agencies perceive these technologies to have on the manner in which they conduct their business activities? The lack of access to state-of-the-art telecommunications and internet technologies has represented a major constraint in Zaire’s efforts to diversity its economy. The country must show consistent economic growth in order to generate the revenues that it needs to develop new programs and businesses. In particular, Zaire must increase the volume of foreign direct investment in its economy in order to create the skilled jobs that Zairians require. There is a strong theoretical foundation in both economics and public policy that indicates a direct correlation between economic diversity and economic prosperity. Economic prosperity, in turn, provides countries with the resources that they need to develop strong social institutions (World Economic Forum, 2009). One of the distinguishing characteristics between

Government and Police State Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Government and Police State - Term Paper Example This paper focuses on BIAs in Seattle, in the US. The paper will discuss on BIAs in Seattle including BIA best practices; creating a BIA including the legal requirements and operating a BIA. The growth of American cities began around downtown and neighborhood main streets with majority of the people occupying them being independent businesses and local property owners. The rapid development of the infrastructure particularly the highway expansion provided an incentive for growth of Automobiles during the World War II. The availability of relatively inexpensive mortgages led to the rise in housing development.1 Outlaying shopping malls became the dominant feature especially in downtowns and other older relatively older commercial districts. These shopping malls became highly successful and part of the reasons for the same was: the ability to use a consistent design theme; ability to run different businesses within the same premises; and having and having an efficient decentralized management.2 The concept of business district management funded through mandatory assessments emerged in the 1970s, and grew to wide popularity during the 1990s. Under one name or another, well over 1,000 such districts exist today throughout the United States, with many more in Canada and throughout the world. BIAs is involved in provision of different programs key among them being marketing; professional management; and beautification just to mention a few. The extent of the programs provided by BIAs is, however, subject to the availability of funds as dictated by the yearly annual budget. In the year 2011, for example, BIAs estimated budget was about $17 million whereas the median budget was set at $342,000. For efficient management, a budget of $200,000 or less is usually allocated to the management staff of up to 2 people and a modest budget for other services such as promotions and marketing.3 America has seen the number of BIAs

Abu Dhabi to Dubai Essay Example for Free

Abu Dhabi to Dubai Essay Fundamentals of road safety have been in the public domain since man started using roads for transport. Traffic accidents have a tremendous effect on the lives of individuals as well as the overall cost of road maintenance and repair in the economy. These losses call for a concerted effort to increase road safety campaigns so as to reduce the number of lives lost in road carnage. Buckle up! Is a call for everyone who wishes to avoid the consequences of neglecting road safety measures. Buckle up! That is what we are always told every time we are flagged down by the police. The know-it-all attitude and our self conscious attitude has never allowed us to fully realize that buckling up can sometimes be the only decisive factor between life and death in horrific accidents. The papers were fresh with screaming titles about the horrific accident that occurred on the Abu Dhabi highway near Ghantoot. The crash pile up of more that two fifty vehicles, the screams, the blazing flames, death and injuries were unimaginable. The scene was reminiscent of of a blockbuster horror movie, utterly unreal yet unfolding in not only one of the best highways but also the busiest twenty five kilometer highway connecting Abu Dhabi to Dubai. Thirty seven people were injured, six of them critically and thirty nine sustained medium injuries. The blazing twenty five vehicles and the poor visibility was not an attractive sight either. Were it not for the excellent rescue, that early morning accident could have led to uncountable deaths. The death toll stood at three but one more person died while undergoing treatment. The armed forces , the Dubai police and the many support teams organized an excellent rescue system where the injured were rushed to the nearest hospitals. This horrific pile up was later blamed on the over speeding in the poor weather. It was very early in the morning , I had left my husband in the house at our Al Rhabha apartment to catch a taxi to Dubai International airport. The call was strange, the caller barely hissing through. He didnt know what was happening. Then a more audible voice boomed through and informed to him that I had been airlifted by a life flight helicopter from the accident scene just minutes ago. On my condition, the doctor could only tell my husband a single word â€Å"critical. He rushed to the hospital and for the first time in his life he felt utterly confused and restless, he wasnt even sure if I was going to die or live and to make it worse we had only been married for three months. What a misfortune! He thought. Was this going to be the worst experience in his life? Still unconscious, wreathed in bandages, pale and out in my own land, I could not even barely imagine the pain that engulfed my loved ones as they by lay vigil each night, thinking of my sorry picture with only breathing tubes to hang onto. On the second day, I regained consciousness and began a hazy recollection of what happened. The successive bumps and crash. I could recall seeing the driver ram straight into the car in front, a second later I was flung head first into the driving seat almost unsitting the driver who nonchalantly pushed my head aside. The only other recollection is seeing flames and being suffocated by fumes of burning petrol. The accident left me with gruesome facial cuts, an upper broken jaw with six teeth less. In modern day United Arab Emirates, the causes such accidents are as varied as the number of accidents. There are times when you cant really blame anybody. Nobody expects a sudden thick fog during the rush hour, it was quite an unfortunate scenario but you dare not snarl in the highway because you could be the cause of another accident. The combination of reckless over confident drivers with such weather conditions only spells doom to the careful drivers who will slow down and ensure that there is sufficient space between his vehicle and the next but there is no knowing who might ram into your rear. It is therefore an unwritten rule that one simple mistake like slowing down even in zebra crossings might result in traffic accident. Despite all these unwritten rules, you cannot surely escape being labelled a very stupid person if you drive at 120km/h in a silly thick fog. It is always the first car in the crash that causes the accident, whether he was driving beyond the police legal allowance, a copy of the many paper on the driving wheel or coffee on the other hand, the prerequisites to such traffic accidents are seen every day on our highways. It gets even more harrowing when people drive while answering phone calls or when rich spoilt kids zoom at dangerous speeds in brand new SUVs. I was dispatched from the hospital after three intensive months of medical care. By slowly recollecting the past, trying to shift what might have caused the accident and what might have not, trying to find a rationale why as a passenger I had much more serious injuries than the driver who only escaped with minor injuries the answer to my stupid injuries hits me hard, Buckle up! : That was the difference between the driver and me. Its even more hurting that I had to learn painful way. The seat belt usage is the savior if you are to be involved in such accidents. These are a very many road casualties that arise due to our refusal to buckle up. Presently the campaign â€Å"Your safety is in using safety Belt is helping people understand the importance of buckling up. Additionally, as we speak now heavy fines are being levied on those apprehended for not putting on their safety belts. This has come only after the realization that traffic accidents cause more deaths than murder and is only second to death caused by cardiovascular diseases. The experience of accidents is harrowing, the survival chance is in guaranteed, and as more and more lunatic drivers are released onto our roads, the only savior is the seat belt. I have never been reminded to buckle up ever since, my scars are too huge to be ignored. Buckling up has become an innate predisposition to me. References New Initiative in IAHVs Road Peace Campaign: Buckle up Dubai www. dubaishopping festival. com/news/IAHV11-09. htm Buckle up Drive Controls Violations of Seat Belt Rule. 2007http:www. uaeinteract. com/docs

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tourism Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tourism Essay Introduction According to the World Tourism Organization tourists are the people who travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one successive year for leisure, business and other purposes not interrelated to the exercise of an activity rewarded from within the place visited. Tourism is mainly popular as a global freedom activity. Tourism is a critical source of income for many countries and it generates income through the consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. Some of the services offered by these industries include transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis, accommodation services such as hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality industry services such as spas and resorts. The tourism requires having some of disposable income, time off from work and other responsibilities, proper transportation and accommodation facilities and legal clearance for travelling. More than all, sufficient health condition during the course of travel is required. There are some countries which have legal limitations on travelling abroad. Any projections of growth in tourism serve as an suggestion of the relative influence that each country will exercise in the future. Content Essay Question: Report for critically analysing a location or sector of the tourist industry, and the key issues affecting that sector or location and suggest a change strategy to address the issues 1. What is meant by Tourism Industry? Tourism has been identified as one of the worlds largest industries and is more and more developing world wide. Further it is moving for primarily recreational or leisure purposes or the provision of services to support this leisure travel. Business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity compensated from within the place visited. Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In 2004, there were over 763 million international tourist arrivals in UK. Tourism is very important for many countries, due to the income generated by the utilization of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. These service industries are included transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis, accommodation such as hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality industry services such as spas and resorts. (Harrison, 2001) 1.1 Definition for Tourism The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure One of the earliest definitions of tourism was provided by the Austrian economist in 1910, who defined it as, bob total of operators, mainly of an economic nature, which directly relate to the entry, stay and movement of foreigners inside and outside a certain country, city or a region. (Swarbrooke, 2001) Hunziker and Krapf, in 1941 state that tourism as the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity. 1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Tourism Tourism is the act of travel for the purpose of not only recreation, but also the provision of services for this act. It might occupy local services such as entertainment, accommodation and catering for tourists. It may seem, that tourism brings only benefits, but further consideration shows that it also has disadvantages. Generally, many countries depend greatly upon travel expenditures by foreigners as a source of taxation and as a source of income for the enterprises. Therefore, the development of tourism is often a strategy to promote a particular region for the purpose of increasing commerce through exporting goods and services. Secondly, it provides direct employment for the people associated with occupations in bars and hotels. Thanks to it, the average standard of living of people increases well and at the same time unemployment is on the decrease. However, tourists cause environmental damage through forest fires, destruction of sand dunes and pollution. Consequently this serves negatively as increased pollution disturbs local residents and also it may discourage tourists from further entering the country. After this, tourism undermines culture by commercializing it and this is often connected with increasing litter, graffiti, vandalism and noise tourists do not always respect traditional cultures, which is sad but true. In general, tourism is an extremely profitable process in loads of countries, especially those in which the process of development continue to depend on this industry because this industry does not require a lot of literacy and also it yields maximum profits with less investment. (Harrison, 2001) 1.3 Different sectors of Tourism The tourism industry has been composed of eight different sectors or areas. Those are mentioned below, Accommodation Adventure Tourism and Recreation Attractions Events and Conferences Food and Beverage Tourism Services Transportation Travel Trade Out of these sector I have selected Attraction sector of tourism for the identify the key issues affecting that sector and suggest a change strategy to address the issues 1.4 Attraction of tourism sector Considering the one of the country, attractions include historic sites, heritage homes, museums, halls of fame, art galleries, botanical gardens, aquariums, zoos, water parks, amusement parks, casinos and cultural attractions. Many attractions are educational in nature, others are only for entertainment. As an example,Canada has a wealth of cultural and heritage attractions: the Parliament Buildings and National Gallery in Ottawa, the Fortress of Louisbourg in Cape Breton, and Lower Fort Garry National Historic Site in Manitoba. There are heritage communities like Vancouvers Gastown, natural resource attractions like the hot springs in Banff and Jasper National Parks, and the northern lights in the Northwest Territories. In addition, there are large delight parks like Canadas Wonderland in Ontario, museums such as the Maritime .To maintain this important part of Canadas tourism industry, the Canadian Tourism Commission has developed . The sub-committees mandate is to plan, direct, ma nge and put into action by programs to improve and develop cultural heritage tourism in Canada. The sub-committee is made up of culture, heritage and tourism industry representatives from across Canada acting to ensure that cultural heritage tourism will become a vivacious and advantageous part of the Canadian Tourism industry. But every province and territory in Canada has major and minor attractions that attract visitors and generate tourism income Because of the Canadian climate, many outside attractions and seasonal. Indoor attractions operate year round, and some, like West Edmonton Mall, combine activities, such as shopping with an pleasure park, an ice rink and a water park. All attractions may be large or small and need people to sell food and souvenirs, market the attraction, maintain the facility and manage the operation. The attractions sector important for a wide range of employment opportunities, ranging from seasonal part time to permanent full time positions. Further there is also variety in the types of jobs available. As an example, Casinos are rapidly growing area of the attractions sector, adding many new positions, such as pit bosses and dealers, to the labour pool. According to the statistics of tourist sector, It is estimated that in 1997, 120,000 people were employed in the attractions sector and service is expected to reach 152,000 by 2005. In the UK attractions are at the heart of the tourism industry. Visit attractions are typically the main motivator for both domestic visitors and international tourists. They are organized trips for visit the various places for their entertainment and keep mind rest. Normally, there are four main types of attractions are identified and it is illustrated below. Source: Article of Key Issues in Visitor Attraction Management in a Competitive Market, 2001 2.0 Key issues for attraction sector There are also some issues can be identified as arise of issues from attraction sector. which are specific to particular sectors of the attractions business, some of which are identified below: 2.1 Heritage attractions making use of the latest technologies for explanation but ensuring that the medium does not become more important than the message incorporating recent history and the varying nature of society in the UK, such as the growth of ethnic communities, linking the community whose story is being told by the heritage attraction and Deciding what stories should be told and how they should be told. When a communitys heritage is the tool of what it offers visitors, protecting that heritage is essential. Therefore the major challenge in cultural heritage tourism programs is ensuring that increased tourism does not destroy the very qualities that attract visitors in the first place. (Swarbrooke, 2001) Further some problems related to. Heritage attractions.These problems are travellers increasing in numbers and adding stress and strain to infrastructure and heritage sites are, as Safer says, only beginning, and the travel industry is already addressing them. But a challenge results not only from visitor impact, but also from visitor opportunity of quality products and services. Tourism is essentially in the service industry, which means it depends on the capability of people in many different jobs and locations. In addition to tourism is an attractive form of economic development 2.2. How to improve Heritage attractions Cultural endowments such as traditional design, unique street-scapes, and historic sites are increasingly recognized as important economic resources in both developed and developing countries. Cities are regularly an important focal point for development based on these resources because they provide concentrations of heritage assets, infrastructure services, private sector activity, and human resources. Improving the preservation and management of urban heritage is not only important for preserving its historic significance but also for its impending to increase income-earning opportunities, city livability, and competitiveness. (Harrison, 2001) The World Bank-financed projects have identified that heritage conservation has increased city liveability by preserving streets and neighbourhoods built at a human scale, public areas that support positive community relations, and green spaces that offer recreational activities. By preserving their heritage, cities can be produce a unique sense of place and singular urban landscapes, developing strong branding and conditions to attract investors. This is principally true for investors in tourism and which is one of the major industries in the world today and has a pathway record of creating significant levels of employment for unskilled and semi-skilled workers. In addition to improving a citys self-image and identity through identification of heritage resources has been shown to increase public satisfaction and energize communities to actively address a wide range of development and livelihood issues. (Kotler 1998) Further the conservation of cultural heritage supports urban recovery by preserving city liveability, increasing competitiveness, and creating a wide range of income-earning opportunities.The Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Tourism Thematic Group (CHST) was established in 2004 as a network of practitioners to mainstream support for heritage conservation into infrastructure, private sector, and social development projects. The thematic group reflects the multi-disciplinary characteristics of the CHST family, prominence by the wealth of information and experience available among more than one hundred Bank professionals. In the urban sector, it is clear that infrastructure projects can supply an entry point for useful interventions in heritage conservation and development. on the other hand, many task team leaders find that discussions of lending that recognize the value of local heritage provide a positive starting point for dialogue on downstream lending operations addressing broade r-based infrastructure investment needs. This note focuses on the rationale for World Bank-financed infrastructure projects that include or focus on conservation of cultural heritage belongings either for their own value or as a element of infrastructure and economic development strategies. 2.3 Theme and amusement parks There is growing pressure for better protection at theme and amusement parks in the light of highly-publicised accidents in recent years, here is a need to incorporate the latest rides, even though this is very expensive and is making it difficult for smaller theme and amusement parks to compete, parks have to ensure that children can learn something from their visit to the park, and this will help in attracting families and school groups. 2.4. How improve facility of amusement parks The safety of visitors who enjoy the parks facilities and services is of dominant concern. Further safety is a collective responsibility. Visitors must take safety measures that reflect the risk involved in their chosen activity. This involves knowledge of natural hazards, proper equipment and provisions, adequate skill and fitness, and the ability to cope with emergencies. Park management will focus on safety information, facility design, and staff training. ark staff continue to work with the local and regional tourism industry, keeping up-to-date on trends and offering reliable experiences based on the parks key ecological and cultural values. (Kotler 1998) 2.5 Wildlife attraction wildlife attraction managers are having to come to terms with growing public concern over animals being kept in captivity for the entertainment, or even the education, of visitors, the opportunity to use Virtual Reality technologies to educate visitors about wildlife. 2.6 How improve Wildlife attractions for tourism Planning for Action Biodiversity Action Plan apply for conservation priorities, and it support how to manage and monitor activities of biodiversity including wildlife. Reviewing your purchasing strategy Every business consumes products and services supplied by other businesses. By managing what you buy, how you use products and how you dispose of waste you can improve your own, and other companies biodiversity performance. Managing your environmental impacts Reviewing and managing your overall environmental performance also benefits biodiversity and can help reduce costs. For example, the energy used to heat and light accommodation will come from the power creation industry. Conserving energy reduces CO2 emissions, Increased rates of climate change adversely impacts on species, habitats and ecosystems. Recycling and waste reduction reduces the amount of landfill and potentially increases the amount of space, which can be left for natural habitat conservation. Raising Awareness among people Providing for services or goods by tourism providers that contribute positively to biodiversity conservation can bring visitors closer to wildlife. You can widen the potential for low impact tourism, and help people to make relate between their own environment, lives and communities. Most of the peoples interests in wildlife watching and conservation arise as a direct result of the experience they receive from recreational activities. (Kotler 1998) Working with others Many smaller tourism businesses connecting up with forums like Tourism and Environment Forum or local sustainable business forums can be a good mode to awareness creation. Such networks are also important sources of current information about new opportunities, grants, trends and regulations. 3.0 How attraction sector of Tourist industry improve in UK The attractions sector is very important to the achievement of success I in UK tourist industry. In there managers face wide range of challenges, opportunities and threats, that will determine the future success of the sector. Whether they end up being opportunities or threats may well depend on how managers react to them. For example, for attractions which successfully hold new technologies such as Virtual Reality and the Internet these technologies is an opportunity to achieve aggressive advantage. The UK attractions sector is obviously diverse which accounts for its noticeable fragmentation. There is a need for the sector to become more organized and speak with one voice, so it can have greater influence on the government policy-making process and resulting legislation affecting the industry. At the same time, the developments in the attractions sector abroad are providing competitive challenges for the UK attractions sector. currently new attractions have been opened in countries as diverse as France and the USA, Spain and Japan, Australia and China. UK attraction managers can learn a lot from successful foreign practices: from design and marketing, to catering and providing for disabled visitors. Within the UK, the government wishes to take action to create a more level playing field for attraction operators. Subsidies to major national museums and huge National Lottery grants for new projects are probably unfair competition for most small attractions. It appears that it is the small attractions that will find the future particularly difficult, as they lack the resources to participate directly with the larger players. The same situation exists in other sectors of tourism, such as hotels and tour operators, and definitely in industry in general. The way ahead for small attractions, as with hotels and tour operators, is the need for interest, differentiation, the use of the Internet for marketing, and an emphasis on personal service. (Swarbrooke, 2001)

The Movie Dead Man and its Departure from the Western Genre :: Movie Film Essays

The Movie Dead Man and its Departure from the Western Genre Put simply, genres are not created by directors so much as they are by audiences. Once it is apparent that something has been received well by theatre-goers, a formula is developed and henceforth followed to achieve the same success. Considering the Western genre, as presented by Robert Warshow, one may note whisky-swilling gunslingers, prostitutes alongside their madams, and arguments over poker tables in smoke filled saloons resulting in someone being thrown through the glass window. The hero of the Western, personified so well by Gary Cooper, John Wayne, and Clint Eastwood, draws his six-shooter fast and is lethally accurate. Unfortunately, these audience-drawing regularities which, while entertaining, undermine the historical representation of how America’s West was truly settled. The most jarring difference from the Western genre in Dead Man is that the hero, William Blake, does not saunter into town with a pistol on his hip, let alone know how to shoot one. He is an accountant from Cleveland, a rational man headed for an irrational world. Machine, the town which was his destination, is a menacing mill town which comments on the harsh realities of industrialization. Blake’s train ride to the West is in vain, having been refused the job promised to him in a letter because he was tardy in response. There is an absence of order in town, in large part because John Dickinson, owner of the Metal Works plant the towns economy depends on, is insane, possibly parodying the ineptitude of capitalistic hierarchy. Jim Jarmusch’s choice of William Blake as the name of his main character was not by accident. The jovial Indian Nobody is convinced that Blake is the English poet by the same name, and for good reason. Not because Depp’s Blake resembles the actual poet, but because William Blake’s poetic themes can be recognized throughout the story. Also, Jarmusch’s use of fade to black to separate the scenes transforms each scene into a new poem that can be read and viewed as a new development in the film. Critics consider Jarmusch’s departure from the Western genre as a breath of fresh air. Dennis Schwartz claims â€Å"Jarmusch didn't falsely romanticize the Western settler and idolize him for how good he was with a gun as most films foolishly do; but, he debunked that whole Western John Ford type of patronizing liberal myth that the cowboy was doing all that violence to advance civilization, that if the Indian can be civilized he can and should live with the white man.

Rhetorical Analysis of a Manual :: essays research papers

Rhetorical Analysis: Quick Start Guide of an MP10 MP3 Player Audience The audience of the Quick Start Guide (QSG) is going to be composed of men and women who have purchased the mp3 player or received it as a gift. The owners of an MP10 mp3 player may or may not have experience using an mp3 player, and even if they do, the experience may not be with this exact model. One way the designers of the QSG allow for a wider audience is by providing a Spanish alternative to the English side. The reader of this guide needs thorough instructions and diagrams in order to begin operating the MP10 as quickly as possible. For this reason, the instructions are laid out in numerical order to introduce the user to the different features and options that are available. These instructions correlate with diagrams of the MP10. Callout boxes point out the buttons and their functions to allow the user of the QSG to use as much or as little of the guide as they desire. One can assume that because of varying levels of technological knowledge, a user of the guide would want to be informed on all of the capabilities the MP10 possesses. The reader may ask a question like; What is possible with this expensive mp3 player? In turn, the designers of the QSG have to display the functions of the MP10 without turning the guide into a complete owner’s manual. The user of the guide wants to use a feature of the MP10 as quick as possible, and probably doesn’t want to read that much in order to do so. Therefore, the readers’ design preferences include solid diagrams, distinct headings, and comprehensive directions without being overly long. Purpose The overall purpose of the QSG is to inform the reader how to use the MP10. The designer of the guide had to display each of the potential functions of the player and provide the short, yet complete instructions associated to performing each task. A QSG is exactly what the title suggests, a brief way of introducing the MP10 to a user. It is not an all-inclusive owner’s manual, but a guide with the intent of allowing the user to find their specific function in one of the bolded headings and follow the instructions to perform the task. Knowing that most buyers of electronic equipment want to get their purchase home as soon as possible and put it to use is the issue that generated the QSG. Rhetorical Analysis of a Manual :: essays research papers Rhetorical Analysis: Quick Start Guide of an MP10 MP3 Player Audience The audience of the Quick Start Guide (QSG) is going to be composed of men and women who have purchased the mp3 player or received it as a gift. The owners of an MP10 mp3 player may or may not have experience using an mp3 player, and even if they do, the experience may not be with this exact model. One way the designers of the QSG allow for a wider audience is by providing a Spanish alternative to the English side. The reader of this guide needs thorough instructions and diagrams in order to begin operating the MP10 as quickly as possible. For this reason, the instructions are laid out in numerical order to introduce the user to the different features and options that are available. These instructions correlate with diagrams of the MP10. Callout boxes point out the buttons and their functions to allow the user of the QSG to use as much or as little of the guide as they desire. One can assume that because of varying levels of technological knowledge, a user of the guide would want to be informed on all of the capabilities the MP10 possesses. The reader may ask a question like; What is possible with this expensive mp3 player? In turn, the designers of the QSG have to display the functions of the MP10 without turning the guide into a complete owner’s manual. The user of the guide wants to use a feature of the MP10 as quick as possible, and probably doesn’t want to read that much in order to do so. Therefore, the readers’ design preferences include solid diagrams, distinct headings, and comprehensive directions without being overly long. Purpose The overall purpose of the QSG is to inform the reader how to use the MP10. The designer of the guide had to display each of the potential functions of the player and provide the short, yet complete instructions associated to performing each task. A QSG is exactly what the title suggests, a brief way of introducing the MP10 to a user. It is not an all-inclusive owner’s manual, but a guide with the intent of allowing the user to find their specific function in one of the bolded headings and follow the instructions to perform the task. Knowing that most buyers of electronic equipment want to get their purchase home as soon as possible and put it to use is the issue that generated the QSG.

Othello literary masterpiece Essay

Introduction   Othello is one of the classical literary masterpieces written by William Shakespeare. Known as the dark-skinned Moor of Venice (Encarta Encyclopedia, 2002), Othello is a story of the mighty warrior whose life turned into a tragic downfall as he was corrupted by suspicion and jealousy over his wife Desdemona and his new friend Cassio. Unknown to Othello, it was Iago, his evil lieutenant, who conspired against his happiness and domination. Though it has been said that every character has a great significance and plays an important role in every story, Iago has been one of the most affective despite him being the antagonist in the novel. His character is the main reason why major incidents in the novel took place. This paper is aimed at analyzing the characters in the novel thereby coming up with the conclusion on everybody’s real motive and agenda in the whole novel. Characters in the Novel   Othello: Othello can be admired for his bravery, courage, wisdom and tactful ways. However, he himself had a great contribution on his own tragic downfall. There was this part in the story where he had shown enough patient not to fight with Brabantio, the father of his wife Desdemona because he wanted to prove that he did not bewitched his wife and that it was actually love that bonded them as a couple. If he was wise enough and confident on the love he shared with Desdemona, he could not easily been manipulated and brainwashed by the evil Iago for him to believe that his friend and soldier Cassio and his wife was betraying him and that the two were having an affair. Othello was a victim himself. He was a victim of the circumstances that Iago had made to destroy his trust to his wife, to his friend and even to himself. If he was able to know what’s playing in Iago’s mind earlier before he had done such tragic deed of killing Desdemona, then he could have saved her. He could as well save his reputation and self respect. He killed his wife to save his pride because the idea of Desdemona’s accused infidelity is unbearable for him. It was a threat to his own dignity. The worst part was that he did not only lose his pride. He lost his beloved wife, his own life and his own reputation. Nothing was left for him in this tragic story. Though Othello was the main character in this literary masterpiece, a twenty percent attribution is fair enough for him. Never would a man desire to be in a shameful ending. He would never have wanted to kill his wife, lose his friend and destroy his own reputation if it was not because of the evil plans of Iago. If he was able to know Iago’s plans, he could have done something to save everything including Desdemona, his beloved wife, Cassio, his friend and his own life and honor (Characters of Othello, 2006). Desdemona: Though she was a victim herself, and her life was taken by Othello, her own husband, her part on the tragic downfall in the story of Othello was much more significant. Desdemona was the subject of conflict between Othello and Cassio being used by Iago as he planned it that she was committing adultery. In classic stories, Eve was the reason of Adam’s committing sin, Delilah was the one responsible for Samson’s lost of his strength and his captivity. In Othello’s life, Desdemona was his Eve or Delilah for because of this woman, he was not able to see the truth but instead, he trusted the wrong accusation tailored by Iago that made him felt jealous to the extent of taking Desdemona’s life in his own life. Though in contrary to the classic example I have mentioned in this paper, Desdemona is innocent of the accusation Iago tailored against her. What I am trying to point out is that, women, especially in the old society and culture was oftentimes the reason behind a man’s downfall. It was like men were losing their rationality no matter the masculine strength, bravery and wisdom. Women has always been the weakness of men. On the other side, there is the saying that goes something like â€Å" In every man’s success, there is a woman behind it†. Quite contradicting and ironic! The same twenty percent attribution is given to this character. The sad thing is that the feminine side of women sometimes lead her to being helpless and unable to defend herself and prove the her innocence (Characters of Othello, 2006). Cassio: This character was another victim of circumstances. His deep admiration to Desdemona was the only reason why Iago managed to plant the root of suspicion against him with the intention of overthrowing him as lieutenant for him to get the position he had long for. He was a loyal friend and soldier to Othello but in the end he was seen as a threat and was even treated as a traitor. He was the fall guy to suffer all the accusations Iago had tailored to destroy Othello as well as to kick Cassio himself from his post. His importance in the story is just about ten percent in my own opinion (Characters of Othello, 2006). Iago: Personally, I consider this character as the one with the greatest contribution in the tragic story of Othello. He was described as Shakespeare’s most evil figure in a way that he can easily manipulate the people around him to do his bidding by taking advantage of his trust and using his victims own motivations to achieve his own (Characters of Othello, 2006). Being pragmatic, he was in the same way an opportunist to aid his plan toe st plant the seed of suspicion on Cassio and Desdemona. He was able to manipulate all the other characters in the story that leads to everyone’s tragic ending. Relative to the tragic ending of the story, sixty percent can be attributed to the evil deeds of Iago. Compared to modern times stories on television series, Iago was a representation of an ancient villain who was a great threat to a Othello who was supposed to be a good leader and a hero himself. The envy on Iago’s part for not being in the place of Cassio was the root why he set up Cassio and, Desdemona in committing adultery. This way, he was hoping to gain the trust of Othello to put him as a lieutenant. But the plot was also a way to avenge to those who hurt him and also to gain what he believes is his (Characters of Othello, 2006). It was evident with how Iago tailored the accusation on Desdemona and Cassio that he was indeed, a very clever man but his intentions was evil and his purpose was wicked. For someone to constantly lie and deceive one’s wife and friends, one must be extremely evil or, in the case of Iago, amoral. In every scene in which Iago speaks one can point out his deceptive manner. Much credit must be given to Iago’s diabolical prowess which enables him to bend and twist the supple minds of his friends and spouse. In today’s society Iago would be called a psychopath without a conscience not the devil incarnate. His ability to say the right things at the right time is what makes him such a successful villain. However, someone with a conscience would never be able to keep up such a ploy and deceive everyone around him (Characters of Othello, 2006). At the climactic ending of the play, Iago’s plot is given away to Othello by his own wife, Emilia. Iago sees his wife as an obstacle and a nuisance so he kills her. He kills her not as much out of anger but for pragmatic reasons. Emilia is a stumbling block in front of his path. She serves no purpose to him anymore and she can now only hurt his chances of keeping the position he has been given by Othello. Iago’s merciless taking of Emilia’s and Roderigo’s lives is another proof of his amorality (Othello, 2006). Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is very clear from the above discussion that Iago’s pure motive for doing such evil deed is pure selfishness. He wanted power. He felt that he’s the one who should receive the highest form of respect from his constituents. He thought that he, alone, deserves the best credit, may it be for money, or for power. In his heart, there was nothing but pure hunger for power and attention.   By reflecting on what he was able to do, it can be easily assumed that he can still do anything and everything just to be get his most desired supremacy, even if it would mean killing more people and deceiving more loved ones. Works Cited: â€Å"Characters of Othello†. [online]. .   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Othello†. 2002. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Othello: Analysis of Iago†. [online] â€Å"Othello: Analysis of Major Characters†. [online]

Moped-Room 101

The irritating high pitched whining going on in the back of your ear, going back and forth like a mosquito that needs to be swatted. These are the crippling parasites of today’s modern transport system, loud, slow and pathetically small. These are the major corruptions in today’s youth, not drugs or alcohol, but mopeds, we get taught in school about what harm drugs and alcohol can do, but not mopeds, can a shot of vodka cause your brains to come out of your ears? The only people who really ride mopeds are ‘chavs’ because ‘chavs’ have no real conception of respect and self-humiliation.Mopeds are poorly designed; the majority of mopeds fail on style, speed, and respect. Mopeds should be replaced with motorcycles, motorcycles have brakes, they have proper engines, and most importantly, they have style, strength and agility. People who ride mopeds on roads, like children who ride bicycles on pavements, deserve to be run over, not for pure hatred, a lthough that subconsciously plays a part in it, but for fun, if they choose to use an incomplete motorcycle they should be duly punished.They are loud and inconvenient to other people, causing pain in the ears, and sound pollution. Don’t buy a moped when your 16, buy a bus pass, then stick with it until your 21, old enough to ride a proper motorcycle and not a hairdryer. Mopeds are insolent, toe dragging scooters, which derived from a bicycle rider who was too lazy to pedal, but not brave enough to go fast. Mopeds are normally defined by limits on engine displacement, speed, power output, or transmissions, or by a requirement for pedals.In some countries, the legal driving age for a moped is lower than for larger motorcycles, and consequently mopeds are popular among the youth. Typically, mopeds are restricted to 30–85 km/h (18–53 mph) and engine displacement less than 50 cc. Any modification to the engine size to make it larger will cause it to be classified as a motorcycle, which will then increase tax, and allow the user to be criminally charged for driving without a license.Ask yourself this, do you respect moped owners? The answer will most likely be no, unless you own one yourself. If you were to be confronted by both a motorcyclist and a ‘mopeder’ who would you listen to, and move out the way for, 99% of` the time it would be the motorcyclist, this very simple question depicts the realistic social hierarchy from riding a moped. Helmets were designed to prevent injuries to the head, however, statistics say that most high speed rashes consist of a rider fatality, this is often at a speed of over 50mph and hit by a car going over 50mph also, thus theoretically meaning the crash was at 100mph. But, unfortunately, even though this is a sad statistic, all moped fatalities happen at under 53mph, and in the UK, 30mph. most are actually below that, more around the 5mph figure, where they attempt to do stunts, and end up falling off and breaking their necks. The other minorities are from being hit by another vehicle.

Letter to Macduff

A Letter to Macduff Dear Macduff, Oh, what you have missed! I have important news to tell you. A series of events happened at the banquet you failed to attend. The majesty left all of us thanes speechless and suspicious. It is not that I ever doubted your thoughts about Macbeth, but it is now clear to me that he is a guilty man with a conscience filled with remorse. The ceremony seemed as if it were going to be elegant and pleasing. There were an equal number of thanes on each side of the table.The king presented himself honorably as he sat down with the rest of us to â€Å"play the humble host† and announced that Lady Macbeth would keep her state. However not long after that things began to get strange. A dirt and bloody man walked through the doors of the dining room and Macbeth quickly got up and attended him. Suspicious it was, my lord, for Macbeth seem unsatisfied with the news the ruffian delivered and before anything else could be said, Lady Macbeth interrupted and remi nded Macbeth of his duties as a host.She seen overly agitated, embarrassed and desperate to get Macbeth away from the doors and back to the feast. She rightly said that a guest must be treated with social rituals and courtesy and must be reminded of how welcomed they are. However as she did this, those looking at his majesty discretely could tell that the bloody man was bringing him bad news and as soon as he heard Lady Macbeth he quickly dispatched the man from the banquet.In all honestly, it looked like Macbeth had someone do his dirty work for him and something went wrong however once he got back at the table he tried to put it aside and the feast began. That wasn’t all! If you had only been there to see what Lady Macbeth claimed was an illness of the king’s infancy. His body was possessed with madness! As he was about to make a toast, he suddenly stopped as if his heart had stop beating and his expression changed from joy to intense fear and the he began to scream â€Å"Which of you have done this? He did all this while looking at the empty chair that was meant to be filled by Banquo whom also did not attend the banquet. And things only became stranger. His majesty continuously repeated he had not done â€Å"it† however he never mention what â€Å"it† was. It seemed that some kind of vision appeared to be accusing him of something. What could he be accused of? You can only imagine that Lady Macbeth tried to ease the situation, by saying it was just a momentary fit and to do our best to ignore him, however this was very hard to do.She also demanded the guest not to ask any questions since it would feed and extend the king’s passion. And of course no one did but all of us thanes were filled with curiosity and suspicion as to what was happening. She approached the king and had a word with him where no one could hear but by simply looking at her you could tell she was not content and as the conversation got intense their voi ces rose and we all heard the king declare that is charnel-house and graves sent back the bodies put in them then our graves would be like the maws of kite.As soon as the king and queen rejoined with their guest, Macbeth spoke and said he suffered from a strange infirmity. He pretended like nothing had happened and demanded wine. He might have fooled himself but not us, as it was obvious that there was more to the story than a simple illness. Furthermore my lord In the middle of the servant pouring the wine, the king began to grow pail and weak once more and then screams â€Å"avaunt and quit my sight! † all of us Thanes were confused since we were not sure if he was talking to us, but then it became clear that he was having another one of his episodes.This time, however, he revealed things our ears were not meant to hear. He confessed that what he was so vividly seeing was a ghost. Lady Macbeth tried once more to brighten the mood of the dinner but too much had been said and we all wanted to hear more. All present at the table looked at each other with one eye and had the other fixed on Macbeth. He seemed so certain that what he saw was real, the fear and remorse in his eyes could be seen from miles away and no one could help but wonder whose ghost he was seeing.Dear Macduff at this point I wouldn’t help but think that maybe it was your father king Duncan coming back for vengeance†¦ Our suspicions grew even stronger by the end of his second episode. He paused, looked at us and asked us how we could see such things and not look pale moreover when Ross asked him with confusion what the sighs were, before the King could reply, Lady Macbeth firmly reminded us that questions would enrage him and then dismissed all of us and demanded to leave at once and not by order of importance.The scene was quite suspicious and most alarming Macduff. This whole ceremony was a disaster that will lead to Macbeth’s fall my lord. Things were said and done at this event that no one thane should have seen or heard. Once we left the banquet you could hear the rumors on the street about the king, how he had gone mad, but those who were knowledgeable, began to think about the things that had happened and began to ask questions about the resent murders. How is it going with you Macduff?After attending the banquet last night, I am certain that Macbeth will go to any length to get what he want so please be careful, watch your back at all times. Hope everything is working out the way you hope. Your noble friend, Lennox P. S. You will not believe that news my ears have just heard. Banquo has been killed by savages. He was found in the wood stabbed to death. I wonder who would want him dead and why. Who will be next? This have gotten out of control around here and it is all because of the tyrant Macbeth. You must hurry and put a stop to this before anyone else gets hurt. Related essay: â€Å"Co Curricular Activities Letter†

In what ways have changes in technology led to changes Essay

The technological advances of today had greatly influenced the conceptualization up to implementation of software architectures. Miniaturization of hardware dependence, further enhancement of capabilities and features, faster processing time for the most accurate result(s), and the most considered by many as the most important of all, improvement of user-friendliness were only just an ample of the trends happening today for the software industry. Since these were the trends, software architects had to cope up with the peoples demand for better software interaction experience. The large computers that occupy a whole room but do the same capabilities of our personal computers nowadays were had long been obsolete. Computers had long been recognized by many as a nice help for human living. Man then realized that computers need to be portable in order that man could bring it wherever he goes and utilize it whenever he likes or whenever he needed. Hardware for computers is now made to be as compact as possible, (great example would be the hardware of mobile phones). This trend is then accompanied by the need for better algorithms and implementation codes. The task for creating such algorithms and codes had turned to be more complex as time goes. Software makers had then thought that it is better that this problem be distributed to a group of people so that it would be easier to solve. People they will select to handle the task should have the knowledge for the specific task he should do. And then after this creation of algorithm phase, the remaining problem would then be how the person to use would utilize the code without requiring him to know all the science behind it. Technology is fast changing. Computer and software improvements are a part of this changing technology. That is why the field of software architecture emerged. References: Software Architecture. Retrieved July 10, 2007 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Software_architecture.

Pepsi’s Strategy in Entering India

PepsiCo had been trying to enter the Indian market for quite some time with no success. In 1988 Pepsi received a letter from George Fernandes, the General Secretary of one of the country's leading political parties, Janata Dal. He wrote, â€Å"I learned that you are coming here. I am the one that threw Coca-Cola out, and we are soon going to come back into the government. If you come into the country, you have to remember that the same fate awaits you as Coca-Cola. † This scared PepsiCo a bit knowing that their rival was forced to leave the country in 1977 after the Janata Dal came to power.PepsiCo had to think of a way to get in without facing the same consequences Coca-Cola had to face. In May 1985, PepsiCo joined with one of India's leading business houses, the R P Goenka (RPG) group, to begin operations in the India. The company, along with the RPG group company Agro Product Export Ltd. , planned to import the cola concentrate and sell soft drinks under the Pepsi label. Pe psiCo's decision linked its entry with the development and welfare of the state was aimed at winning the government over. The fact that Punjab boasted a healthy agricultural sector played a role in PepsiCo's decision.Coke and PepsiPepsiCo claimed that it would play a central role in bringing about an agricultural revolution in the state and would create many employment opportunities. It promised to create 50,000 jobs in the nation. Pepsi began by setting up a fruit and vegetable processing plants at Zahura village in Punjab's Hoshiarpur district. The plant then was focused on processing tomatoes to make tomato paste. Pepsi had a tough time convincing farmers to work for the company. Its experts from the US had to interact extensively with the farmers to explain how they could benefit from working with the company.

Compensation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Compensation - Research Paper Example This is about making the employees feel that they are precious to the company and the years that they have spent serving the company are valued. The main intention of laying out a compensation plan is to make the employees feel appreciated and esteemed, and my plan definitely achieves the aim. This is a form of indirect compensation. There are many intrinsic and extrinsic factors that motivate the employee to show improved performance and productivity. Intrinsic factors include considering each employee individually and sharing a good communicative platform with him. Such an employee is easily satisfied with job outcomes and this is enough for his motivation. Some employees need external motivation in the form of rewards and compensations. Flexible scheduling strategies are very effective in employee motivation and include job sharing, compressed work sheets, part-time hours, and flexible deadlines. When employees feel that the work schedule is flexible and they can choose their star ting and ending hours, they stay stress-free and this boosts their morale.

Bsiness statistic assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bsiness statistic - Assignment Example For example, when the factors that are contributing most to the overhead costs are known, it becomes easy to control such costs. This report will involve analysis of different variables that are believed to affect overhead costs, including number of setups, machines hours and labour hours. Some of the methods of analysis that will be used include descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and use of histograms and graphs. Section A - characteristics of all the variables Calculating measures of location (averages) and dispersion (variation) N Mean Std. Deviation Variance Overhead costs 24 172.79 17.939 321.824 Direct Labour hours 24 1134.67 64.629 4176.928 Machine hours 24 1402.58 213.135 45426.514 No. of setups 24 201.42 13.990 195.732 Valid N (listwise) 24 Table 2: descriptive statistics (averages and variation) Using all 24 months’ data to construct a frequency distribution and histogram for the machine hours Machine Hours Frequency 1000 0 1100 5 1100 0 1200 1 1200 0 1300 2 1300 0 1400 4 1500 3 1600 6 1700 2 1800 1 Table 2: Frequency Distribution Table Figure 1: Histogram for the machine hours Estimating the median and other descriptive statistics for the machine hours Column1 Mean 1402.583 Standard Error 43.50599 Median 1428 Mode 1300 Standard Deviation 213.135 Sample Variance 45426.51 Kurtosis -0.97697 Skewness -0.22011 Range 710 Minimum 1060 Maximum 1770 Sum 33662 Count 24 Table 3: Median and Other Descriptive Statistics for machine hrs A brief Report Determination of descriptive statistics is very essential in decision-making regarding cost. Among the four variables, the highest level of dispersion was reported in machine hours, as shown by the standard deviation and variance, implying that use of machines is likely to significantly affect variations in overhead cost. Number of set ups have the least dispersion, possibly meaning that this variable may not significantly cause cost variation (Table 2). Table 2 shows the grouped frequency histogram for the machine hours, where it is evident that most of the hours lie between 1001 to 1100 and 1501 to1600. The shape of the histogram exhibits a bimodal distribution or rather it has two peaks. This is a problem that results from stratification and it means that the data could have originated from two different sources. It is, therefore, important to identify these sources and analyse the data separately if appropriate. Figure 3 shows the descriptive statistics for the machine hours. The minimum and the maximum values are very useful in quickly identifying the range between which hours fall, which in this case is 1060(min) and 1770(max). The standard error gives the extent to which the distribution is exposed to sample error, which in this case amounts to 43.5 (Mann, 1995). Section B Graphs and analysis of the linear relationships in the variables related to the overhead costs. Figure 2: OH costs vs. direct labour hours Figure 2: Overheads costs are directly related to the direct l abour hours, which means that an increase in direct labour hours leads to an increase in overhead costs. The equation y=2.5352x +

Health & Healing in Cross Cultural Perspective Essay - 2

Health & Healing in Cross Cultural Perspective - Essay Example The fact remains that the origin of the Non-Western Healing System is not really known. It is the origin of the individual practices of the Non-Western Healing System that are known and this would be established in this section. Acupuncture has its root in China; Ayurvedic medicine can be traced to India, Kampo medicine originated from Japan, homeopathy can be traced to a German physician, Samuel Hahnemann, osteopathy, naturopathy and chiropractic can be traced to the United States of America. Other forms of Non-Western Healing System have been traced to the cradle of civilization, Egypt. Thus, Non-Western Healing System does not have a direct root or origin . The Non-Western Healing System treats and/or heal diseases that Western Healing System has not recorded real success in taking care of. The Non-Western Healing System have proven to be the best remedy for treating certain types of cancer, treatment of osteoarthritis, infertility, stimulation of the immune and nervous system, re pair of the bones, digitalis, hypertension, heart failure and chronic back pain. The aforementioned illnesses or diseases are not the only type of ailments that the Non-Western Healing System treat and/or heal as they take care of a wide range of illnesses that have not even been mentioned. This shows the extent at which the Non-Western Healing System have helped to improve the quality of health care to citizens of the world and no wonder it has gained a wide acceptance by most people that were initially used to the Western Healing System (Winkelman). The practitioners of the Non-Western Healing System are people that have made ground-breaking research in order to come out with an extensive method of treatment that has benefited and is still benefitting the whole world (Chen 39). Some of the practitioners of the Non-Western Healing System were born into it, as the practice of this system of healing is in their bloodline. Practitioners of this healing system in countries like China a re actually born into it. There are some practitioners of the system that actually achieve the position through some specific experience. There are even cases that some practitioners have been reported to have received divine wisdom from a divine power that changed their lives forever and gave them the necessary skills to contribute their quota to the Non-Western Healing Systems. It was not until recently that people have been made to receive identical training with Doctors of Medicine and this is actually because of licensing. People have been made to receive formal training in the fields of osteopathy, chiropractic, Thus, Non-Western Healing System has been expanded in such a way that the practitioners achieve their position through research and education. Acupuncture, which seemed to be the most systematically researched and recorded Non-Western Healing practice also has some of its practitioners receiving some sort of formal training (Winkelman). Based on my study of the Non-Wes tern Healing System, there are some issues that needs to be understood by biomedical doctors if they are also treating the same patients in US hospitals. Two of these issues shall be addressed in this paragraph. One of these issues is that,

Ancient Flood Stories (Problems for Critical Scholarship) Essay

Ancient Flood Stories (Problems for Critical Scholarship) - Essay Example However, it is not an easy task to find out the important details of these flood stories because of their extreme antiquity and the lack of supporting evidence except for a few broken shards or fragments of pottery that detail these flood stories. It is unswervingly a very daunting task indeed to verify the stories that will anchor them on historical details as many of these stories are seemingly myths or legends. This brief paper examines some of the challenges encountered in critical scholarship of stories like great floods which occurred a long time ago and for which records are incomplete. Discussion The aim of critical scholarship is to set historical records straight but problems are inevitable when the records are themselves incomplete or at times even contradictory. Many scholars, academicians, historians and archaeologists realize these limitations but still try to carry on with the task. In this regard, to claim certainty in the absence of corroborating pieces of evidence i s not only risky but also considered as reckless in terms of academic scholarship. To refer to something without a degree of certainty is likewise faulty, even deceptive. Several issues with regards to critical scholarship concerning these ancient flood stories pertain to the provenance of these stories, their lack of correspondence and the contradictions, the use of varying terms or emergence of several versions by different authors that hinders the task. The two most famous and well-read flood stories are that of the Biblical Noah's Ark and the Epic of Gilgamesh. The latter predates the former by a good thousand years or more, going back to at least the period of an actual king named Gilgamesh who had ruled a kingdom of Uruk in ancient Sumeria at around 2700 B.C.E. (before current era) but was written down on clay tablets only at around 2000 B.C.E. which were discovered only fairly recently in the libraries of King Ashurbanipal, who ruled around 700 B.C.E. by a young British museu m curator named George Smith back in 1872 and translated even much later (Mitchell 4). It is a story considered as the oldest-ever written story but what is even more remarkable is that it is very similar to Noah's Ark, especially the story about an immortal named Utnapishtim and a massive flood in his time. There are also many other similar stories about a great deluge in other cultures, namely that of the massive waters released by the Greek god Zeus, the Chinese version of a deluge in the great central river valley of the mighty Yangtze and the Indian story of Manu mentioned in ancient Sanskrit religious texts dating back to around 600 B.C.E. These stories have a familiar theme, the futility of fighting against the force of Nature or the powers of God although the themes may vary a bit, depending on context (History-world.org 1). Provenance – as stated earlier, the exact or precise origins of these flood stories defy even scholars and historians because of the passage of e xtremely long periods of time, dating back to antiquity itself. Based only on fragmentary records, with many pieces of evidence lacking, the best that can be done is make a conjecture or an approximation of their origins. It believed that the Epic of Gilgamesh is actually a literary masterpiece constructed by several authors and not just one writer, the story embellished with each successive re-telling. In many instances, the similarities between the Noahic story and Gilgamesh made historians surmise it was actually copied and translated into Hebrew by Moses circa 1450 B.C.E. and the Israelites brought

Do we have a moral obligation to vote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Do we have a moral obligation to vote - Essay Example Based on the idea of individual morality, an act can be defined as rational if its expected costs do not exceed its expected benefits as defined by the individual making the decision. The expected costs of voting would include travel expenses as well as time spent researching the candidates and updating a voter’s registration card. It can be deduced then that the expected costs of voting are quite small. The outcome of having voted could result in the winning of either the candidate one has voted for or another candidate altogether. It is easy to decide not to vote as one single vote is almost irrelevant compared to millions of other votes; but if everyone adopted this viewpoint then no one would vote and we might end up living in a dictatorship form of government where the people have no say at all. So, it can be said that voting may cost an individual (even though the cost is rather miniscule) more then the expected benefit, as the individual can argue that their vote will n ever make a difference among all the other votes but the cost though small, is certain. This however, is from an individual’s perspective as opposed to looking at a group of people or the entire country. It may be theoretically irrational for an individual to waste time and money voting as the outcome of the election will not balance on their vote, but the individual votes of a group of people suddenly becomes rational as the cost remains small to each individual but the election outcome in the group’s favor will be beneficial. From a consequentiality’s perspective, the goal is to act in the most moral way to bring about positive consequences for a group as a whole. This clearly means that voting is certainly the moral thing to do for the majority and outweighs the minimal costs to individuals. Critically speaking however, it can also be said that moral responsibility is attached to individuals and their actions so seeking the best possible outcome should also

The Company Novartis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Company Novartis - Essay Example Therefore, Novartis is famous for the Central Nervous System Segment. Instead of concentrating the attention mostly on medicines, which can be sold in large markets, Novartis’ experts are analyzing rare illnesses with the purpose of using the findings also for common diseases. For instance, Novartis created medicine to treat auto-inflammatory disorder that can be met with patients very seldom, however it was proved that this medicine can be also successfully applied to treat a very widespread form of arthritis. So, the company’s method is oriented on satisfying the needs of many patients with different diseases at once. International factor The Central Nervous System Segment of the Company is popular in 140 countries. For a good brand development, it is not enough to make an innovation but also to use the world-accepted resources, make trials on the global level. The Central Nervous System Segment of Novartis gains a new experience through successful cooperation with in ternational partners who also have a strong desire to make innovations and investigations of new drugs invented to treat patients all over the world (Novartis Global at www.novartis.com). The company Novartis also created a special Biocamp – a place where students and young scientists from all the countries of the world can meet and share their knowledge. Such meetings are very useful for innovative developments in this sector in particular (Home 46). Political factors Every international business presupposes systematic evaluation of different risks connected with political environment of different countries. Each country has its own political system, its own rules and its own strategy. Politics and economics are closely connected and the uncertain reforms affect the activity of the international companies much. Political environment changes always influence the company’s activity, so Novartis needs to adjust to these changes and make good forecasts to avoid difficulti es and losses (Novartis Global at www.novartis.com). In the face of global political changes, the Central Nervous System Segment of Novartis is focused on different relevant issues and aspects of their current activities, which can often exceed the limits of their direct activities. Social factors The main goal of Central Nervous System Segment of is to develop medical innovations for a total eradication of nervous diseases among people all over the world. Thus, the activity of the organization is very important for the society. Novartis create new healthcare products aiming at finding the solutions to the unsolved issues in modern medicine. The main goal is to gain the trust of the patients and consumers. Thus business should be reliable and principled. Joseph Jimenez, Chief Executive Officer, Novartis said: â€Å"We apply our expertise in science and innovation to society’s biggest health challenges. We take our role in improving health seriously and focus on areas where w e can lead and make a significant impact.† The company understands that people want it to find solutions to the most difficult problems in modern medicine. To improve this segment and all other aspects of their activities, people should take into account the needs for the company satisfies the needs of more the 1 billion people every year but the world has 7 billion and all of them need medicines (Novartis Globa

Psychological Testing and Assessment Selection Paper Research

Psychological Testing and Assessment Selection - Research Paper Example An expectancy table provides an indication or prediction of the possibility that the scores of a person taking test will lie within interval on the measuring criterion that qualify categorization as failing, passing or acceptable. For instance, an expectancy table applied in experimental test on personnel in an employment setting may show that the higher the score of a worker on a new test is a prelude that the worker may be gain approval as successful. Commonly used expectancy tables include Naylor-Shine tables and Taylor-Russell tables (Cohen, Swerdlik & Sturman, 2013). Decision theory and test utility are another combination or resources that can help a counselor select a psychological test or assessment. Decision theory provides guidelines for setting cutoff point for particular scores recorded from tests. Another tool that counselors can use in selecting a psychological test or assessment is the Brogden-Cronbach-Glaser formula (Ployhart & MacKenzie, 2011). This is mostly useful in calculating the amount of dollar of utility retrievable from the use of particular instrument selected under a given condition. A counselor selecting a psychological test for a client needs to consider the four issues that include difficult-index of an item, reliability and validity indices of items and discrimination index. To determine an item’s difficulty index, one has to calculate the proportion of the number of test takers that answered an item in correct way. Usually, a lower case â€Å"p† helps in denoting item difficulty with subscript to show an item’s number. Cohen, Swerdlik and Sturman (2013) educate that the value of item index can range from zero incase everyone failed the item and one incase everyone passed the item. The larger the item difficulty index, the easier is the item, and the smaller the item difficulty index, the tougher the item. Easier items scored by all people and difficult items failed by all test takers are inappropriate

Promoting Indigenous Family Health Essay Example for Free

Promoting Indigenous Family Health Essay It is a known fact that Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander populations don’t live as long as their western counterparts as shown by AMA Health Report Card (2011). ‘Closing the Gap’ (Calma 2008) is a campaign aimed at a national attempt to support and bring equity in health to our Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities. In order to be successful in this we must identify the key issues causing this inequity and through public awareness and government campaigns such as ‘closing the gap’, we become closer to our goal of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders reaching a full and greater life expectancy. Health reform initiatives are used to promote health care within their communities and encourage Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders to be educated about their own health. As a nurse, in order to assist in this process, an understanding of family centred health care and the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander concept of family must be utilized. With these two nursing skills, the local health initiatives and government campaign’s, we are providing the best opportunity and support for Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities to take control of their health and ultimately ‘close the gap’. Key issues contributing to the ‘gap’ in health and life expectancy, as identified by AMA (2011), include; low income, limited education, low levels of employment, poor housing, affordability of health care, geographical access to health care and the acceptability of the health care practice to Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities. Illawarra Aboriginal Medical Service (2013) is a local health reform initiative for Aboriginals and Torres straight Islanders that provides a culturally secure environment where they can access health care due to it’s geographical location, affordability and mostly acceptability. Illawarra Aboriginal Medical Service (IAMS 2013) has two centers within the Illawarra making it geographically accessible. The center is entirely aimed towards the better health of Aboriginals and Torres Straight Islanders, ensuring all health care is affordable and providing as much assistance and support where it may be needed to help these communities improve their health. The main key issue identified by AMA (2011) that is addressed within the IAMS (2013), is the acceptability. The two medical centers are entirely based on the care given to the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities, making them specialized and aware of cultural beliefs, customs and the correct communication techniques. The Illawarra Aboriginal Medical Services also employ Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander members of the community as their staff providing a culturally secure environment and a greater concept of family centred care and the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander concept of family within their approach. The AMA (2011) states that Indigenous health workers are significant in facilitating the journey of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders to better health. This also provides opportunities to the Indigenous communities to gain employment, contributing to the resolution for issues of low income and low levels of employment, as identified in the AMA Report Card (2011). Centers such as these provide Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander families a culturally secure, accessible and affordable method to be treated for their health issues in a more comfortable surrounding. On a larger scale the Department of Health and Ageing run by the Australian Government have many programs and health reform initiates in place to assist in ‘closing the gap’ as identified by Calma (2008). Element three of the Indigenous Early Childhood Development National Partnership Annual Report (2011) have a goal of increasing the provision of maternal and child health services of Indigenous children and their mothers. To achieve this, the Child and Maternal Health Services component of their program includes $90. 3million to be used for New Directions Mothers and Babies Services (Department of Health and Ageing 2011). This initiative increases access for Indigenous mothers and their children to; antenatal and postnatal care, education and assistance with breastfeeding, nutrition and parenting, monitoring of immunization status and infections, health checks and referrals for Indigenous children before starting school and monitoring developmental milestones. This initiative provides Indigenous communities with access to health care that promotes better health in the new generation of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander Australians, designed to assist with ‘closing the gap’ by raising a new generation with fewer health issues. With this, we are able to address key issues identified by AMA (2011). The main key issue addressed by this initiative is access. Consultations are held with Aboriginal Health Forums to assist in the identification of priority areas for child and maternal health services. In their annual report, the Department of health and Ageing (2011) state that this ensures that access is given those most in need considering, geographic location, affordability and acceptance. The second key issue identified in the AMA Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander Health Report Card (2011) addressed by this initiative is education. The funding provided builds a solid base for providing much needed education to mothers about their babies and already existing children. In order for a program such as this to be successful, health professionals allocated to educating Aboriginals and Torres Straight islanders must be equipped and prepared to deal with the problems faced by cultural barriers as well as being experienced in a family centred care approach (Taylor Guerin 2010). Family centred nursing care is an important factor in the health outcome of any given patient (Bamm Rosenbaum 2008). They also claim that there is no exact definition of family, instead, the meaning of family and their level of involvement in care provided, is determined by the patient themselves. The core concepts of successful family centred care are; respect and dignity, information sharing, participation, and collaboration (IFPCC 2013). These principles are the main constituents of effective family centred health care, and ultimately better health outcomes for the patient themselves (Mitchell, Chaboyer Foster 2007). These concepts can be utilized, with a correct nursing approach, regardless of age, gender or cultural differences. To provide the best family centred care to Indigenous Australians, nurses must utilize the main concepts above, but also have an understanding of the Indigenous concept of family. The Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander population have strong family values, however, it differs from the usual nuclear concept of family in common ‘western’ society. Their family has an extended structure, and in order to provide adequate family centred care, this concept must be understood by health professionals on all levels, including nurses (NSW Department of Community Services 2009). This concept of extended family and their Indigenous ‘community’ as their family means that children are not only the concern of their biological parents, but the entire community. Care of the children in indigenous communities is the responsibility of everyone. Family members can be blood-related, through marriage or through their community, such as elders. It is normal for a combination of mothers, fathers, uncles, aunties, cousins, brothers, sisters or elders to be involved into the care of the individual and these figures must be treated as their direct family even if not directly blood-related (NSW Department of Community Servies 2009). In order to provide family centred care, to not only Indigenous but also all patients, a therapeutic relationship and foundation of trust should be developed (Baas 2012). The principles of family centred care should also be incorporated, especially respect of the Indigenous culture and maintaining their dignity. Respect and dignity, combined with trust and a therapeutic relationship within the Indigenous community, information sharing, participation and collaboration should follow once enough trust has been developed. To gain the trust of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander patient’s and their family, firstly an understanding of their culture should be pertained. When needed, to be aware of such customs as ‘Men’s and Women’s business’, and to respect these practices within your care (Tantiprasut and Crawford 2003). This shows the patient and their family members, you respect them and their culture. Introducing yourself in a friendly and polite manner, including all family members present and always respecting cultural values is key to receiving respect back and developing trust. Acknowledge and actively listen to the needs of the Indigenous people and also their community in a culturally appropriate manner. As described in the practice resource for working with Indigenous communities published by DOCS (2009) showing respect for their elders and community leaders and involving them in important decision making processes will also show that you respect them, their culture and that they can trust you and eventually your advice regarding health issues. In order to successfully be accepted by the community, communication techniques need to be specialized to avoid offending any members of the family or misinterpreting their language. Gaining a basic knowledge of their community will assist in understanding the dominant family groups, language groups and preferred names. This ensures you don’t step out of your boundaries and remain respectful in your approach to their care. Including or consulting with Aboriginal health care workers regarding communication and Aboriginal-English would be beneficial to adequately understand their method of communication. Understanding non-verbal methods of communication and being aware of your own non-verbal communication is highly appropriate when consulting with Indigenous communities. Always speaking with respect, clearly, and avoiding jargon will deliver the best results when building a relationship within the tribes (NSW Department of Community Services 2009). Remaining open minded when consulting with Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities in aspects of communication and family relations will avoid incorrect assumptions. It is also high important to play an active role within the community and their events. According to NSW Department of Community Services (2009) within Indigenous communities’ word of mouth is a powerful tool, once an outsider is known as someone who listens actively and can be trusted, the community will be eager to work collaboratively and participate in your health approach (NSW Department of Community Services 2009). When the principles of family centred care; trust, dignity, collaboration and participation, have all been achieved and a therapeutic relationship within the community has developed, the community will listen to your health advice. When introducing a health concept to the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander families it is important to engage them actively into your care (NSW Department of Community Services 2008). Using appropriate communication techniques to explain health issues and the reasons they need to be addressed provides them with education and knowledge regarding why interventions need to be implemented. Allowing them to discuss their options and decide as a community is also important, forcing them to uptake medical help could be seen as disrespectful. Allowing time to answer all questions and concerns from various members of the family in a manner they can understand identifies that you are actively listening and honestly concerned for their health. Demaio and Dysdale 2012 show that continuity of involvement in their community, and providing a continuous support network will only further build their trust in your advice. The ‘gap’ in health and life expectancy between Indigenous Australians and ‘westernised’ Australians is a concerning issue within the country (Calma 2008). Health reform initiatives are funded by the government and local organisations to provide accessible, affordable and culturally safe health care to our Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities. These initiatives are designed to address the key issues identified in the AMA Report Card (2011) regarding barriers to health care. Approaching Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander family communities utilizing the family health care principles and with a knowledge of their concept of community family and understanding of their culture increases positive outcomes in their health education and furthermore assisting to ‘close the gap’. References Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander Corporation 2013, ‘Ilawarra Aboriginal Medical Service’, viewed 27 April 2013 www. illawarraams. com. au Australian Medical Association 2011, Best practice in primary health care for Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders, viewed 28 April 2013 http://ama. com. au/aboriginal-reportcard2010-11 Baas, L 2012, ‘Patient and family centred care’, Heart and Lung, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 534-535. Bamm, E, Rosenbaum, P 2008, ‘Family centred theory: origins, development, barriers and supports to implementation in rehabilitation medicine’, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, vol. 89, no. 8, pp. 1618-1624. Calma, T, 2008, ‘Closing the Gap: Campaign for Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander health inequality by 2030’, Australian Government, Canberra. Demaio, A, Drysdale, M 2012, ‘Appropriate health promotion for Australian Aboriginal and torres straight islander communities: crucial for closing the gap’, Global Health Promotion, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 58-62. Department of Health and Ageing 2011, Indigenous Early Childhood Development National Partnership Annual Report, viewed 28 April 2013 http://www. health. gov. au/internet/main/publishing. nsf/Content/1D00A20690DD46EFCA2579860081EEE4/$File/NewDirectionsMothersandBabiesServices-AnnualReport2010-11. pdf IPFCC 2013, Institute for patient and family centred care, viewed 28 April 2013 www. ipfcc. org. au Mitchell, M, Chaboyer, W, Foster, M 2007, ‘Positive effects of a nursing intervention on family-centred care in adult critical care’, American Journal of Critical Nursing, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 543-552. NSW Deparment of Community Services 2008, Brighter futures: engaging with aboriginal children and families, viewed 28 April 2013 http://www. community. nsw. gov. au/docswr/_assets/main/documents/brighterfutures_enagaging_aboriginal. pdf NSW Department of Community Services 2009, Working with aboriginal communities – a practice resource, viewed 28 April 2013 http://www. community. nsw. gov. au/docswr/_assets/main/documents/working_with_aboriginal. pdf Tantiprasut, L, Crawford, J 2003, ‘Australian Aboriginal Culture’, R. I. C Publications, Sydney. Taylor, K, Guerin, P 2010, Health care and Indigenous Australians: cultural safety in practice, Palgrave Macmillan, South Yarra.